While doing polymer degradation research, Toms observed that adding a long-chain polymer (polymethyl methacrylate) in monochlorobenzene dramatically reduced the turbulent skin friction drag by up to 80%. This was the first drag reduction result that was recognised. ![]() Later, Mysels found that the skin friction for gasoline in pipe flow was significantly reduced by adding an aluminium disoap (an anionic surfactant). This first report of drag reduction was unnoticed. 1.2 Historical backgroundįorrest and Grierson were the first to report a reduction in energy loss in the turbulent pipe flow of wood pulp fibre suspensions in water. In recent years, the oil industry has adopted high viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) in fracturing fluids due to several operational and economic reasons. Although a variety of fracturing fluids have been used to increase the productivity of unconventional reservoirs, fluids like low viscous (slickwater) and high viscous (crosslinkers/linear gel) 2 SPE-195191-MS still have some problems in terms of lower capability to carry proppant, creating formation damage, high-cost operation, and environmental concerns. To achieve commercial production from ultra-low permeability formation, development in fracturing fluids is the key factor for stimulation operations. Hydraulic fracturing has been successfully implemented since its inception in 1947. Hydraulic fracturing is the main technology used to produce hydrocarbon from extremely low permeability rock. The primary purpose of using traditional friction reducers in stimulation treatments is to overcome the tubular drag while pumping at high flow rates.
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